倒装结构共有五种

第一节 否定倒装

句子中有否定副词、否定副词短语、否定状语从句时要倒装

• 否定副词：never、hardly、scarcely、rarely、seldom、little
• 否定副词短语：by no means、in no way、on no account、under no circumstances、in no situation
• 否定状语从句：not until + 主语 + 动词(直到...)、only when + 主语 + 动词(只有到...的时候)、only after + 主语 + 动词(只有到...之后)

其他需倒装的结构

• only + 介词 和 only then 都可以使用倒装结构

  ​ Only by doing so can you succeed.

• not only ... but (also) ... 、not merely ... but (also) ... 、not only ... but ... as well、not merely ... but ... as well，四个句型等价

• not a + 单数可数名词，译为“连一个...都没有”

  ​ Not a soul did I see over there.

• hardly、scarcely，译为“几乎不”，但在 hardly/scarcely + any + 名词 结构作主语时，则不倒装

• no where

第二节 so/such 倒装句

在 so...that... 和 such...that... 句型中，若将 so 或 such 提到句首，后面的句子要倒装

So helpful is he that we all like him.

Such lazy students are they that they have no hope of passing the exam.

第三节 地点副词倒装句

地点副词倒装的三个句型

• 主语 + 不及物动词 + 地点副词/地点副词短语 倒装为 地点副词/地点副词短语 + 不及物动词 + 主语

• 主语 + be动词 + 过去分词 + 地点副词/地点副词短语 倒装为 地点副词/地点副词短语 + be动词 + 过去分词 + 主语

• 主语 + be动词 + 现在分词 + 地点副词/地点副词短语 倒装为 现在分词 + 地点副词/地点副词短语 + be动词 + 主语

• 注意：地点副词倒装句的主语必须是普通名词或专有名词，代词作主语时不能倒装

  ​ He stood there. 此句就不能倒装

第四节 完全倒装句

• 结构：主语 + be动词 + 形容词 倒装为 形容词 + be动词 + 主语

• 完全倒装句的主语通常是泛指所有的人或物，主语可译为“凡是...的人或物”

  ​ A man who often helps others is praiseworthy. -> Praiseworthy is a man who often helps others.

第五节 as 取代 though 的倒装法

• though/Although + 主语 + be动词 + 形容词 句型中，将形容词移至句首，再用 as 取代 though

  ​ Though he is nice, I dislike him. -> Nice as he is, I dislike him. -> As nice as he is, I dislike him.

• though/Although + 主语 + be动词 + 名词 句型中，将名词移到句首，再用 as 取代 though，但名词若为单数可数名词，一定要去掉不定冠词

  ​ Nice boy as he is, I dislike him.

• though/Although 引导的从句中有副词的，也可将副词提到句首，再用 as 取代 though

• though/Although 引导的从句中若无副词，可在句首添加 much，再用 as 取代 though

• though/Although 引导的从句中若有may，可将其后的动词置于句首，再用 as 取代 though

  ​ Though you may try, you still can't make him change his mind. -> Try as you may, ...

• as 作副词连词时，等于because，若该从句结构为“主语 + 一般动词”，有如下变化

  ​ As he lives here, ... -> Living here as he does, ...